Adventure Time - Lady Rainicorn

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Lipid Quiz

Lipids

Lipids

Quiz

 

Unsaturated Fats


Saturated Fats


Lipids

  1. Lipid are organic compounds insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether and chloroform.
  2. They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but the proportion of oxygen to hydrogen is lower than in carbohydrates. Some lipid also contain phosphorus and nitrogen.
  3. The main groups of lipids are: 
  • triglycerides (fats and oils)
  • steroids
  • waxes   

Saturated Fats vs Unsaturated Fats






References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cuaQRZJfFo&t=160s

https://pediaa.com/difference-between-saturated-and-unsaturated-fats/


Protein Quiz

quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5d7dd858ea694f001cf72dfc?studentShare=true

Fibrous and globular proteins

Fibrous proteins
Globular proteins
Long parallel polypeptide chains.
Coiled and folded into globular shape.
Polypeptide chains from helical structures or pleated sheets held by hydrogen bonds.
Globular structure maintained by hydrogen, ionic, disulphide bonds, hydrophobic interactions and van de Waals interactions.
There is repetitive regular sequence of amino acids.
Irregular amino acid sequence.
Secondary structure most important is carrying out its structural and supporting function
  • Stable structure           
  • Insoluble in water

Tertiary structure determines its metabolic functions
Relatively unstable structure
  •  Usually soluble in water, can form colloidal suspension

Actual sequence may vary slightly between two examples of the same protein.
Sequence is highly specific. It does not vary between two examples of the same protein.
Examples are keratin, collagen, elastic and fibroin.
Examples are haemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, antibodies and some hormones.

Protein Structure and Folding

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function.

Protein Structure
Descriptions
Primary Structure
  • The unique sequence of amino acids that makes up a protein or polypeptide chain.
  • Peptide bonds are created by enzyme-catalyzed condensation reactions and broken down by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions.
  • Breaking down proteins is important in many areas of the body. 
  • For example, in hormone regulation, cells that are targeted by hormones contain enzymes to break down those hormones. This stops their effects from being permanent and allows them to be controlled.


Secondary Structure

-  Alpha Helices and Beta Pleated Sheets.
- Held together by many hydrogen bonds, overall giving the shape great stability.




Tertiary Structure

  • Ø The final 3D structure of a protein, entailing the shaping of a secondary structure.
  • Ø Held together by four different bonds and interactions:
    • · Disulphide Bonds 
    • · Ionic Bonds 
    • · Hydrogen Bonds Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  • Ø Tertiary structure can be broken by the action of heat. When a protein loses its shape in this way it is said to be denatured.
 
Quaternary Structure
Ø The structure formed when two or more polypeptide chains join together, sometimes with an inorganic component, to form a protein.

Ø The structure is maintained by hydrogen bondsionic bondshydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals interaction





References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hok2hyED9go
https://alevelnotes.com/notes/biology/biological-molecules/biological-molecules/protein-structure
https://www.dreamstime.com/levels-protein-structure-amino-acids-to-complex-molecule-polymer%C2%A0polypeptide-formed-sequences-primary-secondary-image150715433