Lipid Quiz

Lipids

Quiz

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1. Which one of the following is NOT the main group of lipids?
   1.   Triglycerides
   2.   Phospholipids
   3.   Steroids
   4.   Amino acids
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids?
   1.   They are non-polar molecules.
   2.   They are polar molecules.
   3.   They dissolve in water.
   4.   They are hydrophilic.
3. The following are characteristics and functions of waxes EXCEPT:
   1.   Low melting point
   2.   Forms a protective covering to prevent water loss
   3.   Water proof
   4.   Solid at room temperature
4. Lipids are found in every cell on Earth. Which part of the cell do lipids make up?
   1.   Cell membrane
   2.   Cell vacuole
   3.   Cell nucleus
   4.   Cell golgi body
5. Which of these are the monomers(building blocks) of lipids?
   1.   Nucleotides
   2.   Amino acids
   3.   Disaccharides
   4.   Fatty acids
6. Which type of fat is the most dangerous and has been banned by the FDA due to the risks of heart disease?
   1.   Saturated fats
   2.   Trans fats
   3.   Unsaturated fats
7. Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?
   1.   Long term energy
   2.   Provides flavour in food
   3.   Building of muscles
   4.   Used to make hormones
8. Which of these is a lipid?
   1.   Steroids
   2.   Triglycerides
   3.   Fatty acids
   4.   All of the above
9. What is a triglycerides?
   1.   Long chains of hydrocarbons and an alcohol
   2.   A glycogen joined to 2 fatty acids
   3.   4-fused carbon rings
   4.   A glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids
10. What does hydrophobic mean?
    1.   The fear of water
    2.   The love of hydrogen
    3.   The fear of hydrogen
    4.   The love of water

Unsaturated Fats

Saturated Fats

Lipids

1. Lipid are organic compounds insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether and chloroform.
2. They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but the proportion of oxygen to hydrogen is lower than in carbohydrates. Some lipid also contain phosphorus and nitrogen.
3. The main groups of lipids are: 

• triglycerides (fats and oils)
• steroids
• waxes   

Saturated Fats vs Unsaturated Fats

References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cuaQRZJfFo&t=160s

https://pediaa.com/difference-between-saturated-and-unsaturated-fats/

Protein Quiz

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Fibrous and globular proteins

Fibrous proteins	Globular proteins
Long parallel polypeptide chains.	Coiled and folded into globular shape.
Polypeptide chains from helical structures or pleated sheets held by hydrogen bonds.	Globular structure maintained by hydrogen, ionic, disulphide bonds, hydrophobic interactions and van de Waals interactions.
There is repetitive regular sequence of amino acids.	Irregular amino acid sequence.
Secondary structure most important is carrying out its structural and supporting function Stable structure            Insoluble in water	Tertiary structure determines its metabolic functions Relatively unstable structure  Usually soluble in water, can form colloidal suspension
Actual sequence may vary slightly between two examples of the same protein.	Sequence is highly specific. It does not vary between two examples of the same protein.
Examples are keratin, collagen, elastic and fibroin.	Examples are haemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, antibodies and some hormones.

Protein Structure and Folding

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function.

Protein Structure	Descriptions
Primary Structure	The unique sequence of amino acids that makes up a protein or polypeptide chain. Peptide bonds are created by enzyme-catalyzed condensation reactions and broken down by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. Breaking down proteins is important in many areas of the body.  For example, in hormone regulation, cells that are targeted by hormones contain enzymes to break down those hormones. This stops their effects from being permanent and allows them to be controlled.
Secondary Structure	-  Alpha Helices and Beta Pleated Sheets. - Held together by many hydrogen bonds, overall giving the shape great stability.
Tertiary Structure	Ø The final 3D structure of a protein, entailing the shaping of a secondary structure. Ø Held together by four different bonds and interactions: · Disulphide Bonds  · Ionic Bonds  · Hydrogen Bonds Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Ø Tertiary structure can be broken by the action of heat. When a protein loses its shape in this way it is said to be denatured.
Quaternary Structure	Ø The structure formed when two or more polypeptide chains join together, sometimes with an inorganic component, to form a protein. Ø The structure is maintained by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals interaction

References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hok2hyED9go
https://alevelnotes.com/notes/biology/biological-molecules/biological-molecules/protein-structure

https://www.dreamstime.com/levels-protein-structure-amino-acids-to-complex-molecule-polymer%C2%A0polypeptide-formed-sequences-primary-secondary-image150715433

Introduction to Biological Molecules

Living organisms are made up of atoms which combine to form biological molecules. Biological molecules may be made up of small molecules such as glucose and amino acids which are soluble, easily transported and frequently involved in metabolism. The larger molecules are used for structural purposes, storage or as carriers of genetic formation.

Examples of biological molecules:

• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins